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Thursday, April 29, 2010

Stomach cancer -Treatment

Treatment
  • Surgery
  • Chemotherapy
  • Radiation Therapy
The option of treatment depends mainly on the size and location of the tumor, the stage of disease, and the general health.

Treatment for stomach cancer may be surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. You'll probably obtain more than one type of treatment. For example, chemotherapy may be provided before or after surgery. It's often provided at the same time as radiation therapy.

Surgery

The kind of surgery for stomach cancer depends mainly on where the cancer is located. The surgeon may remove the entire stomach or only the part that has the cancer.
  • Partial (subtotal) gastrectomy for tumors at the lower part of the stomach: The surgeon takes away the lower region of the stomach with the cancer. The surgeon connects the remaining part of the stomach to the intestine. Nearby lymph nodes and further tissues may also be removed.
  • Total gastrectomy for tumors at the upper part of the stomach: The surgeon removes the whole stomach, nearby lymph nodes, parts of the esophagus and small intestine, and other tissues near the tumor. Occasionally the spleen also may be removed. The surgeon then joins the esophagus directly to the small intestine.
The time it takes to cure after surgery is different for each person, and you may be in the hospital for a week or longer. You might have pain for the first few days. Medicine can assist manage the pain. Before surgery, you should talk about the plan for pain relief with the doctor or nurse. After surgery, your doctor can adjust the plan if you require more pain relief.

Many people who have stomach surgery believe tired or weak for a while. Health care team will observe for signs of bleeding, infection, or other problems that may require treatment.

The surgery can also reason constipation or diarrhea. These symptoms generally can be controlled with diet changes and medicine.

Chemotherapy

The majority of the people with stomach cancer get chemotherapy. Chemotherapy employs drugs to kill cancer cells.

It may be provided before or after surgery. After surgery, radiation therapy may be provided along with chemotherapy.

The drugs that treat stomach cancer are regularly given through a vein (intravenous). You'll probably get a combination of drugs.

You may obtain chemotherapy in an outpatient part of the hospital, at the doctor's office, or at home. Some people require staying in the hospital during treatment.
The side effects depend mostly on which drugs are given and how much. Chemotherapy kills fast-growing cancer cells, but the drugs can also harm normal cells that separate rapidly:
  • Blood cells: When drugs lower the levels of healthy blood cells, you're more expected to get infections, bruise or bleed simply, and feel very weak and tired. Health care team will verify for low levels of blood cells. If levels are low, health care team may stop the chemotherapy for a while or reduce the dose of the drug. There are also medicines that can help body to generate new blood cells.
  • Cells in hair roots: Chemotherapy may cause hair loss and if you lose hair, it will grow back after treatment, but the color and texture may be varied.
  • Cells that line the digestive tract: Chemotherapy can cause a diarrhea, poor appetite, mouth and lip sores and nausea and vomiting. Health care team can give medicines and advise other ways to help with these problems. They generally go away when treatment ends.
Some drugs used for stomach cancer also may cause a hearing loss, skin rash and tingling or numbness in hands and feet. Health care team can advise ways to control many of these side effects.

Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy (also named as radiotherapy) uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. It affects cells only in the region of the body that is treated. Radiation therapy is generally given with chemotherapy to treat stomach cancer.

The radiation appears from a large machine outside the body. You'll go to a hospital or consulting room for treatment. Treatments are generally 5 days a week for several weeks.

Side effects depend mainly on the dose and form of radiation. External radiation therapy to the chest and abdomen may cause a painful throat, pain similar to heartburn, or pain in the stomach or the intestine. You may contain nausea and diarrhea. Health care team can give medicines to prevent or manage these problems.

It's general for the skin in the treated area to become red, dry, tender, and itchy.
You're likely to become very tired during radiation therapy, particularly in the later weeks of treatment. Resting is important, but doctors usually advise patients to try to stay active, unless it directs to pain or other problems.

Although the side effects of radiation therapy can be distressing, doctor can usually treat or manage them. Also, side effects usually exit away after treatment ends.

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Tuesday, April 27, 2010

Kidney Cancer

Kidney cancer is also called as Renal Cell Carcinoma. It is more general in men than women, commonly affecting men older than 55.

Why the cells become cancerous is not identified. A history of smoking greatly increases the risk for developing the kidney cancer.

Some people may also have inherited an increased risk to increase renal cell carcinoma, and a family history of kidney cancer increases the risk.

People with von Hippel-Lindau disease, a hereditary disease that affects the capillaries of the brain, usually also develop renal cell carcinoma.

Kidney disorders that need dialysis for treatment also increase the risk for developing renal cell carcinoma.

The primary symptom is usually blood in the urine. Sometimes both kidneys are concerned. The cancer metastasizes (spreads) without difficulty, most often to the lungs and other organs, and about one-third of patients have metastasis at the time of diagnosis.

Symptoms:
  • Blood in the urine
  • Abnormal urine color ( rusty, dark or brown)
  • Back pain
  • Flank pain
  • Abdominal pain
  • Weight loss, more than 5% of body weight
  • Emaciated, lean, malnourished appearance
  • Swelling or bulge of the abdomen
  • Growth of one testicle
Additional symptoms that may be associated with this disease:
  • Vision abnormalities
  • Paleness
  • Cold intolerance
  • Excessive hair grown (females)
  • Constipation
Treatment:

Surgical removal of all or part of the kidney (nephrectomy) is suggested. This may comprise removal of the bladder or surrounding tissues or lymph nodes.

Radiation therapy is not commonly used for treatment of renal cell carcinoma because it is generally not successful. Hormone treatments may reduce the growth of the tumor in various cases.

Medications such as alpha-interferon and interleukin have been successful in reducing the growth of some renal cell carcinomas, counting some with metastasis. Chemotherapy may be used in some cases, but cure is suspect unless all the cancer can be removed with surgery.

Prevention:

Reduce or quitting smoking is an important factor of reducing the risk of getting kidney cancer. Follow the health care provider's recommendations in the treatment of kidney disorders, particularly those that may require dialysis.

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Monday, April 26, 2010

Need of protecting skin from skin

The best way to prevent skin cancer is to defend your skin from the sun.

    1. Stay in the shade as much as probable between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
    2. Apply sunscreen with SPF 15 or higher.
    3. Cover up with lengthy sleeves and a hat.

Protect your skin from the sun today to help avoid skin cancer later in life. Most skin cancer appears after age 50, but spoil from the sun can start during childhood.



Staying out of the sun and by sunscreen can also help prevent:
    1. Wrinkles
    2. Blotchy or spotty skin
    3. Other damage caused by the sun

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is the major cause of skin cancer. UV radiation can also arrive from tanning booths or sunlamps.

Anyone can get skin cancer. The risk is main for people with:
    1. White or light-colored skin with freckles
    2. Blond or red hair.
    3. Blue or green eyes

You are at higher risk for the most unsafe kind of skin cancer if you have:
    1. Unusual moles
    2. Large number of moles

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Monday, April 5, 2010

Stroke

Stroke (also known as cerebrovascular disease) occurs when the supply of blood to the brain is unexpectedly disrupted. Blood is passed to the brain by blood vessels called arteries. Blood may stop affecting through an artery because the artery is blocked by a blood clot or plaque, or because the artery breaks or bursts.

A stroke can take place in two main ways:

1. Ischaemic stroke (blocked artery)
OR
2. Haemorrhagic stroke (bleed in the brain)
When blood is blocked, the brain cannot get the oxygen it needs, brain cells in the area die and the brain can become permanently damaged. Brain cells usually die within an hour from the beginning of the stroke but can carry on, at times, up to a few hours after the stroke starts. Areas of brain where the blood contribute is reduced but not completely cut off are areas that can survive for some hours. These cells are in a position of shock and can either recover or die depending on what happens in the minutes and hours that follow. Without immediate medical treatment, this area of brain cells will also die.

Effects of stroke

The brain controls the method we move, think, speak, and eat. Everything we do is restricted by different parts of the brain. When a stroke happens, we lose the capacity to do things that, that part of the brain controls. We may not be able to move one side of the body or have trouble view or speaking.

The way in which public are affected by stroke depends on where in the brain the stroke occurs, and on the size of the stroke. For example, someone who has a small stroke may understanding only minor effects. On the other hand, someone who has a larger stroke may be left completely paralysed on one side, in a coma or may die due to the extent of the damage.
Stroke is constantly a medical emergency. It is vital to recognise the early signs of a stroke or TIA.

Preventing a stroke

It is essential to understand that stroke is preventable. There are many factors that can enlarge your chance of having a stroke. Some of these, such as age, gender and a family history of stroke, cannot be restricted. However, there are a number of risk factors for stroke which you can manage. Taking steps to control these risk factors can lower your possibility of having a stroke.

You can lessen you risk of stroke by managing the following risk factors:
  • Irregular heart beat (PDF)
  • TIA (PDF)
  • High cholesterol (PDF)
  • High blood pressure (PDF)
  • Understand and prevent stroke (PDF)
  • Know the signs of stroke (PDF)
Quitting smoking, limiting alcohol, eating healthy and being physically active will also lessen your chances of having a stroke.

Treatment For Stroke

What happens for people after a stroke is different for everyone. It depends on what variety of stroke a person has had and where in the brain the stroke has happened. Different people will get better in different ways. Generally, most of the improvement takes place in the first six months after a stroke. However, public can keep improving for many years. For many people, they get improved as they get used to living with the changes that have happened after the stroke.

The care that people get after stroke is also unusual. Some people will be cared for in a hospital and go to another hospital for treatment. Some people will go home after a very short term of time while others may need months of rehabilitation.

When someone has a stroke, the doctors and the team will require to work out what has happened (diagnosis). Then the team works with the person and his or her family to make definite the best recovery happens. The team will also make sure that each stroke survivor is able to acquire the support he or she needs at home.

Stroke units supply the best treatment for acute stroke.

Specialized stroke unit care is provided in hospitals by doctors, nurses and rehabilitation clinicians, such as physiotherapists, in a coordinated and paying attention way, much like a coronary care unit.

When people go home after a stroke it can take some time to acquire used to the changes that have happened. This might be changes to how the someone can move or talk. It may be changes with work or hobbies. There are carry services for stroke survivors when they go home. These make it easier to get used to life following stroke.


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Tuesday, March 30, 2010

Manage Stress

Preventing and managing stress can help lower your risk of serious health problems like heart disease, high blood pressure, and depression. You can prevent or lessen stress by:
  • Planning ahead.
  • Preparing for stressful events
Some stress is hard to avoid. You can find ways to manage stress by:
  • Noticing when you feel stressed
  • Taking time to relax
  • Getting active and eating healthy
  • Talking to friends and family

Being prepared and in control of your situation will help you feel less stress. Follow these tips for preventing and managing stress.

1. Plan your time.

Think ahead about how you are going to use your time. Write a to-do list and decide which tasks are the most important. Be realistic about how long each thing will take.

2. Prepare yourself.

Prepare ahead of time for stressful events like a job interview or a hard conversation with a loved one.
  • Picture the event in your mind.
  • Stay positive.
  • Imagine what the room will look like and what you will say.
  • Have a back-up plan.
3. Get active.

Physical activity can help prevent and manage stress. It can also help relax your muscles and improve your mood. Try a new activity like yoga or gardening.

4. Eat healthy.

Give your body plenty of energy by eating fruits, vegetables, and protein.

5. Drink alcohol only in moderation.

Dont rely on alcohol and drugs to manage your stress. If you choose to drink, drink only in moderation. This means no more than 1 drink a day for women or 2 drinks a day for men.

6. Talk to friends and family.

Tell your friends and family if you are feeling stress. They may be able to help.

7. Get help if you need it.

If your stress doesn't go away or keeps getting worse, you may need help. Over time, stress can lead to serious problems like depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or anxiety.

These conditions can be treated with talk therapy (called psychotherapy) or medicines. A mental health professional (like a psychologist or social worker) can help you deal with stress. Stress is a normal part of life, and lots of people need help to manage it better.

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Thursday, March 25, 2010

Teens get Risks Just for Kicks

The teen years are the time in life when people are most probable to drive fast, have unprotected sex and experiment with alcohol and drugs, and a new study suggests they do these things because they enjoy the thrill.



"The reason that teenagers take risks is not a problem with foreseeing the penalty. It was more because they chose to take those risks," Stephanie Burnett, of the University College London's Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, explained in a university news make public.

In the study, Burnett and colleagues asked 86 males aged 9 to 35 to play a computer having a bet game. The players had choices between risky and secure options.
The findings, published March 24 in the journal Cognitive Development, found that teens -- especially 14-year-olds -- were the most likely to choose unsafe options.

"This is the first facts from a lab-based study that adolescents are risk-takers. We are one step forward in determining why teenagers appoint in extremely risky behaviors such as drug use and unsafe sex," Burnett said. "The onset of adolescence marks an blast in 'risky' activities --from dangerous driving, unsafe sex and experimentation with alcohol, to poor dietary habits and physical inactivity. This contributes to the so-called 'health paradox' of adolescence, whereby a peak in lifetime physical health is paradoxically accompanied by towering mortality and morbidity."

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Wednesday, March 24, 2010

New Contact Lenses Could Improve Glaucoma Treatment

They come loaded with vitamin E, to help more medicine get to cornea, researcher says.

A team of researchers has created special contact lenses for glaucoma patients that come loaded with vitamin E, using a design that could essentially lengthen the amount of time a medication bathes an afflicted eye.


This strategy could reduce the significant waste of medication that happens with traditional eye drops, but so far the concept has only been tested in beagles.

"Currently, the way we deliver medication to the eye is very bad and very ineffective," said study author Anuj Chauhan, an associate professor in the department of chemical engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesville. "And this approach is wonderful because it delivers drugs for a long period of time."

Chauhan and his colleagues are to present their findings Wednesday at the American Chemical Society annual meeting in San Francisco.

According to the Glaucoma Research Foundation, glaucoma starts as a symptom-less disease that, through damage to the optic nerve, can ultimately rob a patient of his or her sight. The disease accounts for approximately 9 percent to 12 percent of all blindness in the United States, and the World Health Organization notes that it is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide.

There is no cure for the estimated 4 million Americans who have the disease, and once vision is lost, it cannot be restored. However, treatments -- including medicine and surgery -- do slow down or halt disease progression.

Vitamin E is thought to aid vision because of its antioxidant capacities, and several studies have already explored the notion that it could help combat glaucoma when used in conjunction with prescription drugs.

The current research focused on contact lenses that can be worn for up to a month.

The authors note that their study has already revealed that contacts pre-loaded with vitamin E can extend drug-delivery duration by upwards of 100 times when compared with regular commercial lenses. Delivery of medications via eye drops only exposes the eye to two to five minutes of treatment, they added.

Human trials to test the approach are still one to two years away, Chauhan said. But he added that, if successful, this drug-delivery method could have multiple applications beyond the goal of improving glaucoma treatment.

"This could have significant benefits for several millions of patients, from both a therapeutic angle and a prevention angle," he said. "Because not only could it provide better drug relief for glaucoma, but it could potentially address a number of other eye diseases, such as cataracts and dry eye. And the neutroceuticals of vitamin E also block UV light exposure."

"But what will actually work out in the future only time will tell," Chauhan cautioned.

Meanwhile, Dr. Alfred Sommer, a professor of ophthalmology and dean emeritus at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, expressed some reservations about the approach.

"A delivery mechanism to essentially bathe the eye in slow and continuous medication to target a whole range of diseases from macular degeneration to glaucoma has been a holy grail for ophthalmology for many years," he noted. "But by and large the efforts to do this have not proven successful, although it would certainly be nice to have."

"But since the most effective glaucoma drops we have today you only have to put in once a day, the question then is, would people really put a contact lens in their eye when they don't really otherwise use contacts?" Sommer asked. "That is speculative, particularly when we strongly advise contact lens wearers never to wear a lens overnight. So, it's not immediately apparent to me what the advantages would be for glaucoma."

At the same meeting, a research team out of Iowa State University is scheduled to report Wednesday on a new technology that might be able to catch glaucoma in its pre-symptomatic, early stages.

Led by Iowa State assistant professor Chenxu Yu, the team said they believe they are on the verge of a diagnostic "breakthrough" with the aid of infrared laser light -- via a method called "Raman spectroscopy" -- that shines through the eye's pupil to take a "snapshot" of the retina. They hope the high-tech picture could one day be used to identify biochemical signs of glaucoma in its infancy.

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